Management Is The Science and Art

Management is the process of planning, organizing, directing, and supervising the efforts of member organizations and other organizations use resources to achieve those objectives (Stoner).

Management is the science and art.
There are 4 major functions of management : 

- Planning

- Organizing

- Direction (Actuating / Directing), and 

- Control (Controlling)

- Art of getting things done through others (Follett, 1997)

- A process undertaken to achieve organizational goals through a series of activities such as planning, organizing, directing, and controlling people and other organizational resources (Nickels, McHugh and McHugh, 1997)

- Art or process of completing something that is related to the achievement of objectives. (Ernie & Kurniawan, 2005)

Factors in Achieving Objectives

1. The existence of the use of organizational resources, both human resources, as well as other production factors. These resources include human resources, natural resources, financial resources, and information (Griffin, 2002)

2. The existence of a gradual process from planning, organizing, directing and implementing, to monitoring and control.

3. The presence of art in completing the work.

Understanding Effective and Efficient (Drucker)

- Effective is doing the right job or right
- Efficient is to do your job properly or appropriate

Function Planning

- process involving the efforts made ​​to anticipate trends in the future and determining the proper strategy and tactics to achieve organizational goals and objectives.

Activities in the Planning Function

- Setting goals and business targets
- Formulate strategies to achieve business goals and targets
- Determine resources needed
- Setting the standards / indicators of success in achieving business goals and targets

Organizing Function

- process regarding how the strategies and tactics that have been formulated in the planning is designed in an appropriate organizational structure and strong organizational system and a conducive environment, and to ensure that all parties in the organization can work effectively and efficiently in order to achieve organizational goals.

Activities in Organizing Function

- Allocating resources, formulate and define tasks and establish procedures necessary.

- Establish an organizational structure that shows the lines of authority and responsibility.
- Activities of recruitment, selection, training and human resource development / employment.
- Activity placement of human resources in the best position.

Function Direction and Implementation

- implementation process for the program can be executed by all parties in the organization and the process for all parties are motivated to perform their responsibilities with full awareness and high productivity.

Activities in Function Direction and Implementation

- Implementing the process of leadership, coaching, and giving motivation to the work force in order to work effectively and efficiently in achieving goals.
- Provide routine tasks and explanations about the job.
- Explain the policy assigned.

Monitoring and Control Functions

- Process being undertaken to ensure the entire chain of activities that have been planned, organized and implemented to run in accordance with their intended target despite many changes occur in the environment facing the business world.

Activities in Monitoring and Control Functions

- Evaluating the success in achieving business goals and targets in accordance with the established indicators.
- Taking steps for clarification and correction of irregularities that may be found.
- Perform a variety of alternative solutions to various problems associated with achieving business goals and targets.